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Tuesday, 4 March 2014

TARIHIN AL HASSAN ƊAN ALI RALIYALLAHU ANHU

Al Hassan Ɗan Ali Raliyallahu Anhu

5.1 Sunansa Da Asalinsa
            Sunansa Al Hassan ɗan Ali ɗan Abu Ɗalib. Mahaifiyarsa ita ce Faɗimah ɗiyar Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama. Ana yi masa kinaya da Abu Muhammad.
            An haife shi a tsakiyar watan azumin shekara ta uku bayan hijrah, kuma Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama ne da kansa ya sanya masa suna, ya kuma yanka masa rago.[1]
            Al Hassan ɗaya ne daga cikin mutanen da su kayi kama da Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama a siffar jikinsu. An bayyana cewa, kamannunsa da Mnazo Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama sun fi yawa a saman jikinsa, a yayin da shi kuma Hussaini ya fi kama da Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama a ƙasansa.
Duk da ƙarancin shekarun Al Hassan a zamanin kakansa, amma yana tuna kaɗan daga abubuwan da suka auku a wannan lokaci. Abul Haura'i ya tambaye shi, me kake tunawa a zamanin Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama? Sai ya ce, na ɗauki wani ɗan dabino daga dukiyar sadaka, sai Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama ya cire shi daga bakina da sauran yawuna a kansa ya mayar da shi a inda na ɗauko shi.[2]
Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama ya kasance ya na son 'yan tagwayen nan[3] na 'yarsa, so wanda ba ya ɓoyuwa. Ya kan kuma yi musu addu'a ya ce, "Ya Allah! Haƙiƙa ina son su, Ya Allah! kai ma ka so su". Wannan kuwa ya sa masu kwarjini sosai da ƙauna a wurin Sahabbai waɗanda ƙaunar Manzon Allah ta sa suna son duk abin da ya ke ƙauna.

5.2 Siffarsa
            An siffanta Al Hassan da cewa, kyakkyawa ne, mai kwarjini da fara'a da son jama'a da kyauta da yawan Ibada.
            Daga cikin ƙoƙarinsa a Ibada ya yi hajji har sau goma sha biyar, a mafi yawansu ya kan tafi da ƙafafunsa, a lokacin da ake janye da raƙumansa. Haka kuma an ruwaito cewa, sau uku Al Hassan ya na kasa dukiyarsa kashi biyu ya yi sadaka da kashi ɗaya, kuma a kullum ya kan karanta Suratul Kahf  kafin ya yi bacci.
Daga cikin karimcinsa da yawan sadakarsa  an ba da labarin ya ji wani bawan Allah ya na addu'a ya na roƙon Allah ya ba shi Dirhami dubu goma, nan take Al Hassan ya koma gida ya aika masa da waɗannan kuɗi.
Al Hassan kuma mutum ne mai yawan aure, yawan matan da ya aura kuwa sun kai 90. A ko da yaushe ya na tare da macce huɗu, idan ya saki nan take zai sake aure. Mutane kuma na  son haɗa zuri'a da shi don sharifantakarsa.[4]
Daga cikin matan da ya aura akwai  Ummu Ishaƙ ɗiyar Ɗalhah wadda ta haifa masa Ɗalhah. Bayan mutuwarsa sai ƙaninsa Hussaini ya aure ta, shi kuma ta haifa masa Faɗimah.

5.3 Darajojinsa
            Al Hassan ya yi tarayya da ɗan uwansa Al Hussaini wajen kasancewarsu shugabannin matasan aljanna.[5]
            Al Hassan ya keɓanta da wata babbar martaba wadda Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama ya bada bushara da ita, cewa, shi shugaba ne wanda zai kawo ƙarshen wata tarzoma wadda zata gudana a tsakanin manyan ƙungiyoyi biyu na Musulmi kamar yadda za mu gani a nan gaba.[6]

5.4 Al Hassan Ya Gadi Mahaifinsa
            Al Hassan na daga cikin waɗanda suka bai wa Ali shawarar kada ya fita daga Madina. Tare da kuma ya tsani yaƙin da aka yi, amma ya yi ɗa'a ga mahaifinsa wajen fita tare da shi. Daga bisani da al'amurra suka dagule Ali ya rinƙa ce masa "Kaicona da na bi shawararka".
            A lokacin wafatin Ali akwai a cikin Sahabbai waɗanda su ke gaba da Al Hassan kamar Sa'ad ɗan Abu Waƙƙas da Sa'id ɗan Zaid waɗanda ke cikin mutane goma da suka samu busharar aljanna daga Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama. Sa'ad kam ma ai ya yi takara da Ali kamar yadda mu ka gani a ƙarshen khalifancin Umar. Ga zahiri shi ma Sa'id ya cancanta, sayyiduna Umar ya ƙi sanya shi ne a cikin kwamitin saboda dangantakarsu domin ƙaninsa ne ta wajen mahaifinsa kuma shi yake aure da ƙanwarsa wadda mu ka ba da labarin ita ce dalilin musuluntarsa.
            Ban da waɗannan akwai tsararrakin Al Hassan kamar su Abdullahi ɗan Umar da Abdullahi ɗan Abbas (ƙanin Ali ta wajen mahaifinsa) da kuma Abdullahi ɗan Zubair (Jikan Sayyiduna Abubakar ta wajen mahaifiyarsa).
            Al Hassan ya nuna rashin sha'awarsa ga wannan al'amari bayan da ya ga irin wahalar da mahaifinsa ya sha akai. Ga shi kuma ya yi la'akari da irin yanayin magoya bayan ubansa, wato mutanen Iraƙi waɗanda ba su da biyayya ko kaɗan. To, amma kuma ya zama tilas Al Hassan ya karɓi mubaya'a bayan da jagororin rundunar Ali suka nace a kan haka.

5.5   Ramin Shuka Ba Zurfi Sai Tarin Albarka
Kafin ya miƙa hannunsa ayi masa mubaya'a sai da Al Hassan ya sharɗanta ma su su yaƙi duk wanda ya yaƙa, wanda kuma ya sulhunta da shi su amince a kan sulhun.
Wannan sharaɗi da al Hassan ya sanya ya kashe ma mayaƙa jiki ƙwarai har suka rinƙa tsegumi a kansa. Suna cewa, Al Hassan ba zai kammala aikin babansa ba na yaƙar mutanen Sham.
Ana haka ne wasu daga rundunar sojinsa suka kai masa hari da wuƙa da nufin kashe shi a lokacin da aka samu raɗe raɗin cewa, an kashe Ƙaisu ɗan Sa'ad, ɗaya daga cikin kwamandodinsa, magoya bayan Ƙaisu su kayi ma Al Hassan a ture a cikin hemarsa har ya samu rauni a cinya, suna tuhumarsa da cewa shi ya sa aka kashe shi, alhali kuwa maganar tun asalinta jita - jita ce kawai.
Allah dai ya kuɓutar da Al Hassan daga mutuwa a wannan hari da aka kai masa. Bayan wasu 'yan watanni sai ya mirmije daga raunin da ya samu. Wannan ya ƙara sanya ƙyamar mutanen Iraƙi a gare shi da ma khalifancin baki ɗaya.
Bayan da ya samu sauƙi Al Hassan ya yi wata huɗuba mai gauni a kan mimbari wadda a cikinta yake zargin mutanen Iraƙi da rashin ladabi, yana kuma faɗakar da su game da matsayinsu (Iyalan Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama. Wannan huɗubar ta sanya mutane da yawa a Masallacin Kufa yin kuka.
A daidai wannan lokaci da mu ke magana a kansa, Mu'awiyah na can a cikin jama'arsa, mutanen Sham, waɗanda suka shahara da cikakkiyar biyayya a gare shi. Sun kuma yi masa Mubaya'a a matsayin khalifa tun bayan wafatin Ali. Idan faɗansu da Ali ba mai dalili ba ne ta fuskar jayayya a kan shugabancinsa, a yanzu faɗa mai cikakken dalili zai fara tun da ya ke an samu sarakuna biyu masu amsa suna iri ɗaya.
Mutanen Iraƙi kuwa ba su gushe ba suna ingiza Al Hassan har sai da ya yi shiri da nufin yaƙar Mu'awiyah kamar yadda mahaifinsa ya yi. Ya tsara runduna ta mutane 40,000 (dubu arba'in), ya soma da aika gungun farko waɗanda aka kira "Rundunar Alhamis" a ƙarƙashin jagorancin wani jarumi da ake ce ma Ƙaisu ɗan Sa'adu ɗan Ubadah. Adadin wannan runduna ya kai mutum 12,000 (dubu goma sha biyu). Sun kuma tasar ma birnin Sham in da suka yada zango a wani wuri da ake kira Maskan.
A nasa ɓangaren, rahotanni sun zo ma Mu'awiyah game da fitowar rundunar Iraƙi. Saboda haka sai ya fito da kansa don ya tarbe su, ya yi nasa sansani a wurin wata gada da ake kira Mambij.

5.6 Zama Lafiya Yafi Zama Ɗan Sarki
            Al Hassan dai tun da farko mun faɗi ba ya son wannan arangama wadda ta ci ƙarfin Musulmi, ta hana su kwanciyar hankali ballantana ci gaba da yaɗa addini. Shi kuma Mu'awiyah da ya haɗu da "Rundunar Alhamis" sai hankalinsa ya tashi. Na hannun damansa, Amru ɗan Ass ya ce masa, wannan runduna ba zata watse ba sai sun kashe irinsu a cikin jama'armu. Mu'awiyah ya ce, to, idan ko haka ta faru yaya za ayi da yawan zawarawa da marayu? Wane shugaba zai ji daɗin mulki a irin wannan yanayi? Daga ƙarshe sai su kayi shawarar aika waƙilai zuwa wurin Al Hassan don neman sasantawa.
            Wakilan da Mu'awiyah ya tura su ne, Abdullahi ɗan Amiru ɗan Kuraiz da kuma Abdur Rahman ɗan Samurah. Sun kuma tarar da Al Hassan sun tattauna da shi inda ya bayyana ma su ƙudurinsa na sauka daga khalifanci ya danƙa ragwamarsa ga Mu'awiyah bisa ga sharuɗɗan da za su sanya don neman a zauna lafiya, al'ummar Musulmi taci gaba. To, amma fa Al Hassan ya gamu da cijewa ta wajen kwamandan "Rundunar Alhamis" Ƙaisu ɗan Sa'ad wanda bai goyi bayan haka ba, kuma ya keɓe kansa da rundunarsa don ƙalubalantar wannan sulhu.

5.7 Ja Da Baya Ba Tsoro Ba
            Al Hassan dai ya dage a kan wannan manufar tasa wadda ta tabbatar masa da faɗin Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama cewa,  "Wannan jikan nawa shugaba ne. Kuma Allah zai sasanta waɗansu manyan rundunoni biyu daga cikin Musulmi a dalilinsa"[7]
            A ranar da zai miƙa mulkin ga Mu'awiyah, Al Hassan ya yi wata huɗuba wadda ta nuna kaifin basirarsa da tausayinsa ga wannan al'umma, in da ya bayyana masu dalilansa na son zaman lafiya domin zama lafiya ya zama ɗan sarki, kai ya ma fi zama sarkin. A cikin wannan huɗubar har wayau yana cewa:
...Ku sani wanda ya fi kowa dabara shi ne wanda ya ji tsoron Allah.
Wanda ya fi kowa wauta kuwa shi ne wanda ya kangare (daga ɗa’ar Allah).
Ya ku mutane! Tun farkon wannan al'amari (yana nufin yaƙi) ni ne na fi ku ƙyamarsa, a yanzu kuma ni ne na kawo gyara a cikinsa.
Zan mayar da haƙƙi ga ma'abocinsa, ko kuma in haƙura da haƙƙena don maslahar al ummar Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama.
Ya kai Mu'awiyah! ka sani wannan al'amari Allah ya ɗora ma ka shi don wani alheri da yake tare da kai ko kuma don sharrin da ya sani a wurinka.
Sannan ya karanta wannan ayar:

﴿ وَإِنْ أَدْرِي لَعَلَّهُ فِتْنَةٌ لَكُمْ وَمَتَاعٌ إِلَى حِينٍ ﴾ [سورة الأنبياء:111].
Ma'ana:
Kuma ni ban sani ba, wataƙila fitina ne a gare ku da ɗan jin daɗi zuwa wani lokaci.   Suratul Anbiya', Aya ta 11.
            Al Hassan dai ya yi amfani da sharaɗin da ya sanya ma mutanen Iraƙi wanda a dalilinsa ya zame masu tilas su karɓi wannan sulhu. Allah kuma a cikin rahamarsa sai ya karkato da zuciyar Ƙaisu ɗan Sa'ad da rundunarsa bayan cijewar da su kayi. Al Hassan ya samu shawo kan Ƙaisu daga baya kuma har ya kawo shi da kansa a wurin Mu'awiyah. Ƙaisu duk da haka sai da ya laƙe hannunsa can ga cikinsa a maimakon ya miƙa shi ya yi mubaya'a ga sabon khalifa. Amma dai Mu'awiyah ya daure ya kai nasa hannun can su kayi musafaha, hujja ta tabbata a kan Ƙaisu ke nan don ya yi mubaya'a.
Wannan shekarar ta zame ma musulmi watan bakwai maƙarar rani. Domin kuwa kusan dukkan Musulmi sun haɗu a kan jagora ɗaya in ban da ƙungiyar Khawarij. Akan haka ne aka raɗa mata suna Amul Jama'ah wato, shekarar haɗin kai.

5.8 Kyakkyawar Sakayya Ga Al Hassan
Da yake wanda duk ya bar wani abu saboda Allah to, Allah zai musanya masa ya ba shi wanda ya fi shi ko ya bai wa zuri'arsa, wannan karimci na Al Hassan zai gamu da sakayya ta Ubangiji can a ƙarshen zamani domin kuwa daga cikin zuri'arsa Allah zai fitar da Mahdi, wanda zai amshi ragamar shugabancin Musulmi don ya kawo gyara a wannan lokaci.[8]
5.9 Matsayin Hussaini A Kan Wannan Sulhu
            Al Hussaini ya lizimci kawaici game da abinda ya faru amma a zuci bai ji daɗin yin hakan ba. To, sai dai ya yi mubaya'a ya ɓoye damuwarsa.
            A lokacin wafatinsa Al Hassan ya kira ɗan uwansa ya yi masa gargaɗi, ya ce, kada ka bari mutanen Iraƙi su ruɗa ka. Kada kuma ka kuskura ka kwance mubaya'ar da ka yi ma Mu'awiyah. Ka sani alamu sun nuna Allah ba zai haɗa annabta da khalifanci a gidanmu ba. Don haka kada ka sa kanka cikin nemansa.
            Duk tsawon mulkin Mu'awiyah kuwa Al Hussaini ya riƙe wasiccin ɗan uwansa. Amma a lokacin da Mu'awiyah ya ɓullo da wata maganar naɗin yarima da yi masa mubaya'a, kuma ya zaɓi ɗansa Yazidu, to, a nan Al Hussaini ya cije, ya ƙi ba da mubaya'arsa ga yarima mai jiran gado. Haka shi ma Abdur Rahman ɗan Abubakar ya yi, bai yi wannan mubaya'a ba.
            A lokacin da Mu'awiyah ya haƙiƙance mutuwa ta zo masa kusa ya kira ɗansa Yazidu ya yi masa wasicci wanda za mu kawo shi a nan gaba, a cikinsa kuwa har da maganar wasu mutane da suka haɗa da Al Hussaini wanda Mu'awiyah ya ce, ka kula da alfarmar gidansu da son da jama'a su ke masa.

5.10 Mutuwar Al Hassan
            Al Hassan ya rayu sama da shekaru goma bayan sauka daga muƙaminsa. A cikin waɗannan shekarun an samu kyakkyawar dangantaka a tsakaninsa da Sarki Mu'awiyah. Sukan karɓi kyaututtukansa shi da ɗan uwansa Al Hussaini kuma su gaida shi gaisuwar girmamawa irin wadda ake masa.
            A shekara ta Arba’in da biyu bayan hijira ne Al Hassan ya ci wani abinci mai guba wanda shi ne ya zama ajalinsa.[9] Kuma ana tuhumar wata tsohuwar matarsa da suka rabu da yin wannan makirci. Sanin gaibu sai Allah.
            Da Al Hassan ya lura da kusantowar ajali sai ya yi wasicci ga ɗan uwansa da abin da mu ka faɗa, kuma ya neme shi da ya roƙa masa alfarma daga wurin Uwar Muminai A'ishah domin yana son a yi masa makwanci kusa da kakansa. Ya ce, amma idan ba ta aminta ba ka kai ni a maƙabartar Baƙi'ah in da sauran Musulmi.
            Da Al Hassan ya cika Nana A'isha ta yi na'am da buƙatarsa, amma kuma shaiɗan ya zuga Marwanu, ɗaya daga cikin dangin khalifa Usman wanda ya yi tsaye a kan ba za a rufe Al Hassan a wurin ba, domin a lokacin wafatin Usman an nemi wannan alfarma kuma A'isha ta amince amma aka hana shi. An samu ruɗani sosai a kan wannan, amma daga baya Abu Huraira ya sasanta tsakaninsu kuma an rufe Al Hassan a maƙabartar Baƙi'ah.[10]
            Sarautar Al Hassan dai kamar ramin shuka ce, ba zurfi sai tarin albarka. Domin kuwa duka duka wata shida ne ya yi akan wannan muƙamin ɗauke da mubaya’ar mutanen Iraƙi da wasu sassa na daular musulunci, a dai dai lokacin da Mu’awiyah ke jimƙe da mubaya’ar mutanen Sham. Sai ga shi a dalilin Al Hassan da haƙurinsa kan al’umma ya haɗu akan shugaba guda sun dawo kamar tsintsiya mai maɗauri ɗaya.








[1] Bayan haka ne aka samu cikin ƙaninsa Hussaini bayan haifuwarsa da wata biyu, wanda shi kuma aka haife shi a cikin watan sha'aban na shekara ta 4 bayan hijra.
[2] Al Isabah Fi Tamyizis Sahabah, na Ibnu Hajar, Tahƙiƙin Ali Muhammad Al Bijawi, Bugun Darul Jil, Beirut, 1412H, (2/69).
[3] Mun riga mun faɗi cewa, ba tagwaye ba ne. Amma saboda kusancin shekarunsu (wata goma sha ɗaya ke tsakaninsu) da kuma al'adar Bahaushe da ta gudana a kiransu tagwaye mu ma muka tafi a kan haka. Don haka ya zama dole mu yi tambihi.
[4] Siyar A'lam An Nubala', na Dhahabi, (3/253).
[5] Al Jami', na Tirmidhi, Hadisi na 3768 da kuma Al Musnad, na Ahmad, (3/3 da 3/62) da Al Mustadrak, na Hakim, (3/167) kuma Tirmidhi ya inganta shi.
[6] Duba wannan busharar a cikin Sahihul Bukhari, (7/74) da Al Jami', na Tirmidhi, hadisi na 3775.
[7]  Duba Sahihul Bukhari a Kitabul Manaƙib, Babin darajojin Al Hassan da Al Hussaini da kuma Siyar A'lam an Nubala'  (3/259).
[8]  Mutane sun kasu kashi uku dangane da Mahdi. Akwai masu ganin cewa, Mahdi shi ne Annabi Isah, akwai kuma masu ganin shi ne Sarkin Musulmi Mahdi ɗan Abun Ja’afar Al Mansur daga zuri'ar Abbas (Baffan Manzon Allah SAW) wanda yana daga cikin jerin sarakunan daular Abbasiyyah. Su kuma a wurin Rafilawa ('Yan shi'a masu da'awar bin Imamai 12) sun ce shi ne Muhammad ɗan Hassan Al Askari daga zuri'ar Hussaini. Bayan haka aka yi Muhammad ɗan Tomarat a ƙasar Maroko wanda ya ce shi ne Mahdi, ya kashe bayin Allah da ba su ji ba ba su gani ba, ya ƙwace matansu da 'ya'yansu da zuri'arsu. Bayansa kuma aka yi Ubaidullahi ɗan Maimun Al Ƙaddah (asalinsa Bayahude ne, amma a cikin majusawa ya tashi) shi ma ya ce Mahdi ne. Kuma ya ce yana cikin Ahlulbaiti. Sa'annan aka yi wani mai da'awar shi ne Mahdi a Sudan a ƙarni na goma sha uku bayan hijira. Mahdin gaskiya dai yana nan tafe, kuma daga zuri'ar Al Hassan yake kamar yadda hadissai ingantattu suka tabbatar. Duba Al Manar Al Munif na Ibnul Ƙayyim, shafi na 43.
[9]  Wannan yana nuna cewa, iyalan Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama ba su san gaibi ba. Domin kuwa da Al Hassan ya san gaibi ba zai ci abincin da aka sanya guba a cikinsa alhalin yana sane ba, domin wanda ya yi haka kamar ya kashe kansa kenan.
[10]  Yana cikin hikimar Allah cewa, ba wani Annabi ko Sahabi da aka san wurin ƙabarinsa a haƙiƙance in ban da Manzon Allah Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallama da waziransa biyu da ke kwance a ɗakin Nana A'ishah. Duba Takhlisul Ikhwan na Mujaddadi Usmanu ɗan Fodio.



DAGA LITTAFIN ƘADDARA TARIGA FATA NA SHEIK Dr. MANSIR SOKOTO

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